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2003 Deakin University Research Report |
| Definitions of Categories | |
| Report Contents | Research Output Contents | School Output by Year | Search for a Researcher |
Definition of Research
For the purposes of this report, the OECD definition of Research and Experimental Development (R&D) was used:
Research and experimental development comprises creative work undertaken on a systematic basis in order to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of man (sic), culture and society, and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications.
Any activity classified as research and experimental development is characterised by originality; it should have investigation as a primary objective and should have the potential to produce results that are sufficiently general for humanity's stock of knowledge (theoretical and/or practical) to be recognisably increased. Most higher education research work would qualify as research and experimental development.
Definitions of Research Output Categories
To have been included in this category the publication must have met all of the following requirements:
- is a major work of scholarship bound (or if in electronic format, such as a CD-ROM, packaged) and offered for sale
- has an International Standard Book Number (ISBN)
- was written entirely by a single author, or by joint authors who shared responsibility for the whole book (i.e. individual chapters are not attributed to different authors)
- consists mainly of previously unpublished material, and made some substantial contribution to a defined area of knowledge
- has been published by a recognised commercial press or publisher. A recognised commercial press is or publisher is an entity for which the core business is producing books and distributing them for sale. For this purpose university and other self-supporting higher education institution presses are regarded as commercial publishers, provided that they have responsibility for the distribution of the publication and not only its printing.
Includes:
- critical scholarly texts (for example music, medieval or classical texts), new interpretations of historical events and new ideas or perspectives based on established research findings.
Excludes:
- textbooks (A2)
- edited books (A7)
- creative works such as novels, depending mainly upon the imagination of the author rather than upon a publicly accessible body of agreed fact (but an accompanying critical scholarly text may be counted if it is a major work of scholarship in its own right) (J1)
- books published by private individuals, university departments and centres and privately funded companies, e.g. "vanity presses" (A4, A5)
- government department publications, e.g. DETYA Evaluations and Investigations Program reports (A2)
- translations (unless accompanied by a critical scholarly text which is a major work of scholarship in its own right) (A2)
- annoted anthologies (unless incorporating a critical scholarly text which is a major work of scholarship in its own right).
- university departmental or centre Working Papers, Technical Reports, Discussion Papers, unpublished reports and the like (A4, A5)
- revisions/new editions (A3)
- books published by professional or research organisations which have other functions besides publishing.
This category also refers to books written solely by the author(s). The publication must be a substantial work of scholarship, bound and offered for sale.
Includes:
- books published by private individuals, schools, centres, faculties and privately funded companies, e.g. vanity presses
- evaluation and investigative government department publications, e.g. DETYA Evaluations and Investigations Program reports
- translations of published books and other authored books or monographs not classified in A1 above
- annotated anthologies
- textbooks.
Excludes:
- creative works such as novels, which depend mainly upon the imagination of the author rather than upon a publicly accessible body of agreed fact (possibly J1)
- university departmental Working Papers, Technical Reports, Discussion Papers and the like (possibly A4-A6).
This refers to a book in category A1 or A2 that has been previously published, which has been brought up-to-date by the substantial addition or alteration of material.
Excludes:
- reprints that do not involve substantial additions or revisions.
This refers to a substantial body of research published as a monograph, which contains several substantial chapters and contains original thematic ideas. Length should approximate over one hundred pages. The category includes books published privately e.g. by the Faculty or School or Centre, or by a government department or agency.
This refers to a body of research published as a monograph, which contains several substantial chapters. Length would approximate less than 100 pages (although length in itself is not grounds for exclusion). Includes books published privately e.g. by the Faculty or School or Centre, or by a government department or agency.
A6. Research Report / Working Paper / Technical Paper
A monograph, which is published as a separate entity, but contains no more material than would be comprised in a large journal article. Typically includes internal working papers / restricted access papers, or written technical reports that are either contract research or consultant reports. Includes books published privately e.g. by the Faculty or School or Centre, or by a government department or agency.
Refers to books which must be edited books, monographs or short series of volumes consisting of contributions from a number of authors.
This excludes editorship of journals (excluded completely).
This refers to books where the author had not attributed authorship to Deakin University.
This category refers to a contribution, consisting substantially of new material, or to an edited compilation in which the material was subject to editorial scrutiny.
Includes:
- a scholarly introduction of chapter length to an edited volume, where the content of the introduction reports research undertaken by the editor and makes a substantial contribution to a defined area of knowledge
- a critical scholarly text of chapter length, eg. in music, medieval or classical texts, or critical reviews of current research.
Excludes:
To have been included in this category the chapter must also be in a book which meets all of the following requirements:
- entries in reference works (D2)
- revisions of chapters in edited books (but entirely new chapters in revised books may still be counted)
- forewords
- brief introductions
- brief editorials
- works already published independently, e.g. as journal articles or in conference proceedings, and previously counted in one of those categories
- appendices.
This category excludes chapters contained in books that are:
- was a major work of scholarship bound (or if in electronic format, such as a CD-ROM packaged) and offered for sale
- has an International Standard Book Number (ISBN)
- makes some substantial contribution to a defined area of knowledge
- has been published by a recognised commercial press or publisher
- a recognised commercial press or publisher is an entity for which the core business is producing books and distributing them for sale. For this purpose, university and other self-supporting higher education institution presses are regarded as commercial publishers, provided that they have responsibility for the distribution of the publication and not only its printing.
- textbooks
- creative works such as collections of short stories, depending mainly upon the imagination of the author rather than upon a publicly accessible body of agreed fact (but an accompanying critical scholarly text of chapter length may be counted if it is a major work of scholarship in its own right)
- books published by private individuals, university departments or centres or privately funded companies, e.g. "vanity presses"
- government department publications, e.g. DETYA Evaluations and Investigations Program reports.
- translations (unless accompanied by a critical scholarly text which is a major work of scholarship in its own right)
- annotated anthologies (unless incorporating a critical scholarly text which is a major work of scholarship in its own right)
- collections of university departmental or centre Working Papers, Technical Reports, Discussion Papers, unpublished reports and the like; and books published by academic, professional or research organisations which have other functions besides publishing. This exclusion does not apply to bodies which have been determined to be independent, self-supporting publishing arms which operate on a commercial basis and are accepted as "commercial publishers".
B2. Book Chapter in non-commercially published book
A book chapter that meets all of the criteria for B1 except that it is published privately, by a university Faculty or School or Centre, or by a government department or agency.
BN. Other Book Chapter
This refers to book chapters where the author has not attributed authorship to Deakin University, or where book chapters were published in books outside the definition of authored research book as contained in A1 and A2.
C1. Refereed article in a scholarly journal
This category refers to a substantial work of scholarship published in a scholarly journal following a formal process of peer review. The Journal must have an International Standard Serial Number (ISSN).Includes:
- commentaries and communications of original research, provided that these have been subject to a formal process of peer review and published in a scholarly journal, such as Research Notes which are refereed and Letters to Nature or critical scholarly text, which appear in article form
- refereed articles in scholarly journals reviewing multiple works or an entire field of research
- Invited papers in journals where it is the standard practice of the journal to referee contributions (Evidence will need to be provided both of the invited status of the article and of the standard practice of the journal to send contributions to referees)
- refereed research articles in journals which are targeted to both scholars and professionals
- articles in a stand alone series which meet all refereeing and other requirements for this category.
Excludes:
- articles designed to inform practitioners in a professional field, such as a set of guidelines or the state of knowledge in a field
- non-scholarly, non-research articles
- articles in newspapers and popular magazines
- editorials
- letters to the editor
- book reviews
- medical or other case histories, where not full journal articles in themselves
- commentaries and brief communications of original research that are not subject to peer review
- reviews of art exhibitions, concerts, theatre productions (by members of appropriate academic departments).
C2. Other Contribution to Refereed Journal
This refers to review articles or commentaries which may not be subject to a formal process of peer review, or to short contributions that are refereed.
C3. Non-refereed articles in a professional journal
This refers to non-refereed works of scholarship published in a professional or scholarly journal controlled by an editorial board. All C3 journals have an ISSN (otherwise M).
Includes:
- articles that are sets of guidelines or summaries of the state of knowledge in areas generally intended to inform practitioners in a professional field
- medical case histories.
Excludes:
- editorials, book reviews, possibly (C4)
- non-scholarly, non-research articles (excluded completely)
- articles in newspapers and popular magazines (possibly M).
This refers to non-refereed communications (including editorial commentary) which were published in a journal controlled by an editorial board.
Includes:
- commentaries and brief communications of original research that were not subject to peer review
- editorials; letters to the editor; book reviews
- reviews of art exhibitions; concerts; theatre productions.
Excludes:
- non-scholarly, non-research articles
- articles in newspapers and popular magazines (possibly M).
This includes journal articles where the author had not attributed authorship to Deakin University.
This category refers to contributions to reference works, including encyclopaedias provided they are more than 4,000 words in length.
Excludes:
- book reviews (possible C4)
- articles that "review" institutional practices, government programs, and the like rather than being a review of a field of research (possibly C4).
This category refers to dictionary or encyclopaedia entries less than 4000 words in length, i.e. minor entries or small reviews in reference works.
E1. Full written conference paper - refereed
This category refers to full written versions of conference papers which are published. The papers may appear in a number of different formats, eg. a volume of proceedings, a special edition of a journal, a normal issue of a journal, a book or a monograph, CD-ROM or conference or organisational web site. Papers must be peer reviewed and presented at conferences, workshops or seminars of national and international significance .
As meetings called "workshops" or "seminars" generally have lower status than meetings called "conferences", universities must be able to demonstrate clearly that they have national or international significance and include the evidence with the verification materials, as for any conference.
Includes:
- keynote addresses to conferences of international or national significance where all other papers for the conference are refereed and evidence is provided both of the keynote status of the address (eg. contents page) and of the other contributions to the conference being refereed (eg. a statement in the introduction to proceedings indicating this).
Excludes:
- papers that appeared only in a volume handed out to conference participants
- papers presented at minor conferences, workshops or seminars that are not regarded as having national or international significance
- papers (other than keynote addresses) not peer reviewed, even if formally assessed by an editorial board
- conference papers accepted for presentation (and publication) on the basis of a submitted abstract, or abstract which was subjected to peer review.
E2. Full written paper - non-refereed / Abstract reviewed
This refers to written versions of conference presentations, subsequently published, which were not subject to peer review but were subject to formal assessment by an editorial board, or where only the abstracts were put through a formal process of review.
This refers to abstracts, extracts, extended abstracts and synopses of conference papers that are subsequently published.
E4. Edited volume of conference proceedings
This refers to edited volumes of conference proceedings in which one or more members of institutional staff are identified as having editorial responsibility for the proceedings.
This refers to substantial and scholarly works presented in audio-visual form and offered for sale under the imprint of a recognised commercial publisher or distributor: the works should cover the presentation of research findings and factual information. Examples include an ethnographic film, or an audio-visual presentation of dynamic research output; eg. fluid mechanics, robotics, visual motion, new surgery techniques, conference presentations, a guide to collected sound recordings
Excludes:
- audio-visual teaching material.
This refers to innovative software products of commercial quality either offered for sale or distributed as shareware through a recognised publisher or distributor.
This refers to major works in design disciplines such as architecture, creative arts and engineering. To be counted in this category a design work must have been recognised via a publicly understood refereeing process, which is conducted by an independent review panel formed from qualified peers in the design discipline who are recognised as such by their national or international professional association.
To have been included in this category, the design must have met one of the following requirements:
(a) The major design award offered by national or international organisations in the field, eg. the Royal Australian Institute of Architects. The award must be of at least national standard, with entries welcomed from throughout Australia.
OR
(b) Curated exhibitions of original design by an individual designer exhibited for the first time in a recognised gallery or museum. These must be accompanied by a published catalogue identifying the individual designs and the timing and location of the exhibition. The exhibition must be advertised in the industry press or professional journals. The exhibiting gallery or museum must be registered as an independent public or commercial organisation. Exhibiting galleries and museums that have satisfied the requirements that they are an independent public or commercial organisation will be listed on the Register.
For awards - includes:
- awards that are received at the state or territory level or higher, eg. if a major design award has both state and national winners, then both those who receive state or territory level awards and the national winner are eligible to be reported as part of this collection
- awards for or exhibitions of software and fashion design as long as these designs satisfy all other criteria.
For awards - excludes:
- awards that are awarded second place, runner up, "honourable mention" or lesser status
- awards which for which there is not a publicly understood refereeing process.
This category refers to Major Written or Recorded Original Creative Works that are publicly and commercially distributed or to Curated Individual Exhibitions of Original Art.
To have been included in this category, the creative work must have met one of the following requirements:
(a) substantial creative or scholarly works which are
- separately bound/packaged and offered for sale under the imprint of a recognised commercial press or publisher; or
- recorded for commercial distribution.
A recognised commercial press or publisher is an entity for which the core business is producing books and distributing them for sale. For this purpose university and other self-supporting higher education institution presses are regarded as commercial publishers, provided that they have responsibility for the distribution of the publication and not only its printing.
To be recorded for commercial distribution the recording can be in any media such as CD, video, world wide web etc, but must be commercially distributed by an entity whose core business is producing creative recordings and distributing them for sale. For this purpose university and other self-supporting higher education institution presses are regarded as commercial publishers, provided that they have responsibility for the distribution of the publication and not only its printing.
OR(b) curated exhibitions of substantial collections of original works by an individual artist exhibited for the first time in a recognised gallery or museum. These must be accompanied by a published catalogue identifying the individual works and the timing and location of the exhibition. The exhibition must be advertised in the arts or local press, or in professional journals. The gallery or museum must be registered as an independent public or commercial organisation.
Includes:
- a product or process for which a full patent has been granted.
Excludes:
- provisional patents.
J1. Major Original Creative Works
This category refers to Major Written or Recorded Original Creative Works that are publicly and commercially distributed or to Curated Individual Exhibitions of Original Art
To have been included in this category, the creative work must have met one of the following requirements:
a) substantial creative or scholarly works which are
- separately bound/packaged and offered for sale under the imprint of a recognised commercial press or publisher; or
- recorded for commercial distribution.
A recognised commercial press or publisher is an entity for which the core business is producing books and distributing them for sale. For this purpose university and other self-supporting higher education institution presses are regarded as commercial publishers, provided that they have responsibility for the distribution of the publication and not only its printing.
To be recorded for commercial distribution the recording can be in any media such as CD, video, world wide web etc, but must be commercially distributed by an entity whose core business is producing creative recordings and distributing them for sale. For this purpose university and other self-supporting higher education institution presses are regarded as commercial publishers, provided that they have responsibility for the distribution of the publication and not only its printing.
OR(b) curated exhibitions of substantial collections of original works by an individual artist exhibited for the first time in a recognised gallery or museum. These must be accompanied by a published catalogue identifying the individual works and the timing and location of the exhibition. The exhibition must be advertised in the arts or local press, or in professional journals. The gallery or museum must be registered as an independent public or commercial organisation.
Includes:
- novels
- books of poetry
- published play or film scripts for productions of at least 20 minutes duration
- published scores of musical works with a duration of at least 20 minutes in playing time
- recordings of live music, theatre or dance performances of at least 20 minutes duration which have been commercially distributed
- films, multimedia productions or sound productions of at least 20 minutes duration which have been commercially distributed.
Excludes:
- reviews of art exhibitions, concerts, theatre productions, etc.
- live music, theatre or dance performances unless the performance is recorded for commercial distribution
- any creative work which has already been counted in a previous collection or one which is already counted in this collection under another category, even if it qualifies for inclusion under Category J on a number of grounds, e.g. a play whose script is published and whose production is recorded for commercial distribution or an exhibition that is exhibited at various locations may only be counted once
- exhibitions which have more than one exhibitor, even if one person is the main exhibitor
- exhibitions whose first day of exhibition does not occur in the collection year even if the majority of the exhibition does.
J2. Minor Original Creative Works
Minor Written Work - Authored
This refers to relatively brief or small scale creative or scholarly works bound separately or as part of a larger work and offered for sale under the imprint of a recognised commercial press or publisher.
Includes:
- individual short stories or individual creative essays
- a collection of poems published in collective works.
Excludes:
OR
- reviews of art exhibitions, concerts, theatre productions and the like (C4)
- articles in newspapers and popular magazines (possibly M).
Individual exhibition of original art at a minor Gallery
OR
Representation of original art
This refers to one or more original works by an individual artist exhibited for the first time in a recognised gallery or museum. These works should be individually listed in a published catalogue identifying the timing and location of the exhibition. The gallery or museum should be registered as an independent public or commercial organisation and be managed as a full time operation.
Representation of original art Nature of the work the representation of one major or more original art works:
- exhibited for the first time
- by invitation
- from a recognised gallery or art museum of regional standing
Form of publication work exhibited in a public museum or gallery of regional, national or international standing; exhibited in recognised exhibition spaces Authorship undertaken solely by the artist(s)/designer(s) Originality of work consisting mainly of work previously not exhibited Contribution to the discipline making a substantial contribution to a defined area of knowledge Level of work reflecting up to one year of sustained work; in most cased the author's major publication for the year
OR
Minor Concert Performances or written script
This includes concert performances in small theatres which are isolated. The researcher must have contributed to the script and the production.
Minor Performances Minor Written Script Nature of the work a single performance, at least 15 min. duration by a leading performer (actor, musician, dancer) or a director, choreographer, designer or conductor - performance being peer reviewed and appropriately documented a substantial creative work such as a play of at least 15 minutes duration, peer reviewed and appropriately documented Form of publication refereed interpretive works may be recorded on a CD and/or video for commercial distribution or performed in a public venue for the first time separately bound and offered for sale under imprint of a recognised commercial press or publisher; recorded on CD and/or video for commercial distribution, or performed for the first time Level of work up to one year of sustained work
OR
Minor Dance Performance
These embody the principles of research performance as outlined for category J6, and exclude street performances.
Minor Dance Performance Nature of the work an original choreographic work of at least 15 min. duration, using at least 8 dancers (where the number of dancers/performers is less than that stated, the ability to demonstrate the complexity of the work (criterion 1) will be critical, or a collection of original choreographic works totalling at least 15 min. with at least 8 dancers, or a single performance of at least 15 min., or a collection of performance works of at least 15 min. Form of publication presented in a venue of wide public prominence recorded on appropriate media such as film, video, CD-ROM or via notation for commercial distribution Level of work reflecting up to one year of sustained work This refers to individual poems as a part of a collection of works.
L1. Full refereed written paper-distributed
This refers to full written peer reviewed versions of conference papers that are unpublished.
Includes:
- papers that appear only in a volume handed out to conference participants
- papers presented at minor conferences, workshops or seminars that are not regarded as having national or international significance.
L2. Full written non-refereed or abstract reviewed paper - distributed
This refers to written but unpublished versions of conference presentations which were not subject to peer review or formal assessment by an editorial board, or where only the abstracts were put through a formal process of review.
Includes:
- papers that appear only in a volume handed out to conference participants
- papers presented at minor conferences, workshops or seminars that were not regarded as having national or international significance.
L3. Extract of paper - distributed
This refers to unpublished abstracts, extracts or synopses of conference papers.
Includes:
- papers that appear only in a volume handed out to conference participants
- papers presented at minor conferences, workshops or seminars that were not regarded as having national or international significance.
L4. Edited volume of conference proceedings - distributed
This refers to edited volumes of conference proceedings in which one or more members of institutional staff are identified as having editorial responsibility for the proceedings.
Includes:
- volumes handed out to conference participants
- volumes from minor conferences, workshops or seminars that were not regarded as having national or international significance.
This includes research-related materials such as newspaper or magazine articles, media interviews, internal newsletters and the like.
S. Principal Supervisor Of Higher Degree By Research Completion
This refers to a Deakin Univeristy staff member appointed to have primary responsibility for the supervision of the candidate.
T. Research Income - National Competitive Grant
This refers to grants allocated through national competitive granting schemes. Includes Australian Research Schemes (ARC Large Grants, ARC Small Grants, ARC Fellowships, ARC Collaborative Grants), National Health & Medical Research Council Schemes (NHMRC Fellowships, NHMRC Project Grants, CARG Grants), and Industry Development Corporation Schemes (GRDC, RIRDC etc). Grants in which income was received over multiple years were listed as such.
U. Research Income - Other Public Sector Funding
This refers to any other research funding received from the Commonwealth not listed under National Competitive Research Grants (T). Includes research funding from Commonwealth Government Business Enterprises; and competitive and non-competitive research funding (including contract research) from both State and Local Governments. Includes research funding from State Government Business Enterprises. Grants in which income was received over multiple years were listed as such.
V. Research Income - Industry And Other Funding
This refers to contract research provided by industry or other non-Government agencies including industry collaborative research grants, grants for research from other than Government, donations and bequests for research from business, non-profit organisations, and individuals; and income received from Syndicated Research & Development arrangements.
Contract research covers research projects carried out with identified aims and objectives. Grants in which income was received over multiple years were listed as such.W. Research Income - Funding From Deakin Central Research Funds
This refers to grants allocated under Deakin University central research grant schemes.
X. Research Income - Research Infrastructure
This refers to successful research infrastructure grants awarded to the institution and coordinated by the researcher, e.g. Australian Research Council Research Infrastructure, Equipment and Facilities Grants (RIEF).
Z. Other Significant Achievements
This refers to other significant achievements outside the scope of research output, such as significant awards, invitations, etc.
Additional categories used prior to 2000 (now included in the J1 and J2 categories)
J4. Individual Exhibition of Original Art
This refers to a substantial collection (J4) of original works by an individual artist, exhibited for the first time in a recognised gallery or museum. The exhibition must have been accompanied by a published catalogue identifying the individual works and the timing and location of the exhibition. The gallery or museum must be registered as an independent public or commercial organisation and be managed as a full time operation.
J5. Representation of Original Art
This refers to up to three original works by an individual artist which were exhibited for the first time in a recognised gallery or museum. These works should have been individually listed in a published catalogue identifying the timing and location of the exhibition. The gallery or museum must be registered as an independent public or commercial organisation.
J6. Major Concert Performances or written script
This includes major concert and theatre productions and excluded street theatre performances. Work must have been presented in a widely accessible, professional form of documentation (e.g. a published program) identifying
- author, director, choreographer, designer or conductor
- timing and location of the performance.
The work must have been undertaken by an artist with a recognised body of work.
Performance as research (as compared with other kinds of university-based theatre performance—e.g. professional practice or teaching) occurs when a production becomes an intervention in an established scholarly debate, dialogue or discourse, or when it initiates or seeks to initiate such a debate. Any performance-as-research project must make explicit its relationship with that debate, and communicate the ways in which the terms of the debate have been changed by the research project.
Creative Works in Theatre demonstrate innovation by contributing to the development of theatre through exploration of new content, new processes, forms or audiences.
Written Works refers to substantial works, such as playscripts, separately bound and offered for sale under the imprint of a recognised commercial press or publisher, or recorded (on CD, video etc.) for commercial distribution, or performed for the first time in a recognised public venue or on the electronic ], peer reviewed and appropriately documented and archived. Documentation must include a published program identifying the author and the timing and location of the performance. In the case of a performance, documentation must include a fair copy of the final version of the script or equivalent used as the basis for that performance.
Refereed Performances refers to a single performance of significant duration by a leading performer (actor, musician, dancer) presented for the first time in a recognised public venue, or on the electronic media, demonstrating new knowledge, or substantial new insights into existing knowledge, and appropriately documented and archived. Documentation must include a published program identifying the performer and the timing and location of the performance.
J7. Minor Concert Performances or written script
This follows the nature of guidelines of Category J6, and includes concert performances in small theatres which are isolated. The researcher must have contributed to the script and the production.
J8. Major Dance Performance / J9. Minor Dance Performance
These embody the principles of research performance as outlined for category J6, and exclude street performances.
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| Report Contents | Research Output Contents | School Output by Year | Search for a Researcher | |
| 2003 Deakin University Research Report |